Preferences of Gender Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Preferences of GenderSome might argue that there is a going away in the p benting of a boy compared to that of a girl. However true this may be, one must recognize and disregard the sexist implications that have been portrayed for generations. Girls are often said to be easily content and depicted as brave and tough. One might be surprised to find that a bantam girl could be just as interested in playing with a football as she would a Barbie doll if given the opportunity. This manifestly demonstrates the nonsexist choice of a toy that the girl has made. There are, without a doubt, many differences and different needs in raising a boy than a girl. These differences, however, do not exhibit the difficulties it takes to raise a boy compared to that of a girl. These miniscule, however, significant issues of undoubted sexism are the very grounds for wherefore one might argue that having a boy would be easier than having a girl.There is nothing wrong with asking to have a littl e boy after already having a little girl, or vice versa, but why not want to experience both ways of parenting, since both parenting factors demonstrate hardly any difference. The question at hand now is whether or not choosing the sex of the child is so important that one would be willing to expel the pleasures of intimacy, in turn for a prenatal test that involves needles, implantations, and third party, the doctor. Where has the romance gone? Couples are bountiful to choose how many children they have, when they want to have them and whether to terminated unwanted pregnancies, thus why should couples not be free to choose the sex of their child? The argument is that by leaving the sex up to the parents the sex ratio in the macrocosm will eventua... ...passed the age conceivability. In conclusion, one can see that the gender preference among couples in todays society is a boy quite than a girl, more so, for personal reasons rather than scientific. The two articles were ext remely informative and interesting. They state many facts as to why one might choose to want to have a boy rather than a girl. Personally, I would be completely content with just a healthy baby, no matter the gender. In a religious stand-point, God blesses you with what he sees fit for you. His decision is not based upon what you think is best for yourself.Works CitedMalpani, Aniruddha. Why shouldnt couples by free to choose the sex of their baby? Reproductive Health Matter. V10. i19. (May 2002). 192 (2)Steinbock, Bonnie. Sex Selection not obviously wrong. The Hastings Center Report. V32. i1. (2002). 23 (7)

Sigmund Freuds Representation of Three Tall Women Essay -- Freud Psyc

A Deeper Understanding of Three Tall WomenAccording to Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis is a procedure for the investigation of mental processes which are almost inaccessible in any other way (Fodor and Gaynor 147). It becomes a deeper contrast of a persons mentality to consider the design of interplay within the urging and checking forces of the conscious and unconscious (Fodor and Gaynor 147). Freuds representation of Three Tall Women, relate the founts by the neuroses that sometimes conduce from the suppression of memories and desires too painful to deal with (Freud, The bloodsucking Relationship of the Ego). While not completely opposing religion as a factor in the conscious and unconscious, Freud does claim that the Oedipus complex is at the root of religious feeling (Palmer 113) so the idea of religion is not based on the desire of attractive a God with the basis of good vs. bad, but instead, according to Freud, it is the versed desires that come from being attached to a father figure. As characters B and C are introduced first as outside acquaintances, then as stages of character As past, the play is transformed into what may be perceived as Freuds theory to the relation of the conscious and the unconscious, but could also be noted as the change a person undergoes throughout their lifetime in which religion, or the desire to maintain morality, is checked by outside influences.The interpretation, backed by Carl Jung, argues that religion need no longer be perceived as a conglomerate of guilt ridden repressions and ritualized obsessions, but as a natural and legitimate dimension of psychic activity (Palmer 113). When Freuds argument is counterbalanced, it can be found that the interpretation F... ...ud may be correct on some terms, but the true unconscious desires do not come from a sexual want, but more from the want of a moral individuality, and characters C and B epitomize such a notion and deep understanding that exists in character A, but is challenged with the influence of society and the struggles of growing older. Albee, Edward. Three Tall Women. New York Dramatists Play Service, Inc.Fodor, Nandor, ed and Gaynor, Frank, ed. Freud Dictionary of Pychoanalysis. New York Philosophical Library, 1950.Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and its Discontents. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1930.Freud, Sigmund. The Dependent Relationship of the Ego.Palmer, Michael. Freud and Jung on Religion. London Routledge, 1997.Personality Theories Sigmund Freud. Boerce, C. George.. 25 November 2007 .

Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer Odyssey Odysseus Temptation

Homers OdysseyOn a ten-year voyage across cold and choppy seas with nothing only when the bitter wind at sensations back, physical strength is a necessity. The chances of successfully trekking home with weak limbs are not great. In Homers The Odyssey, Odysseus is the epitome of power. His brawny anatomy undoubtedly grants him the strength to swim, climb, run and even kill his way back to his wife. But Odysseus fuckingnot return home on physical force alone, as many a(prenominal) of the obstacles he faces are workforcetal. Perhaps the greatest of these obstacles is temptation. The battle-weary mans odyssey is brimming with temptations of the mind, body and soul that he must not only grow go forth of, but conquer, in order to return home and stake his glory.The first blatant example of temptation in Odysseus journey happens on the island of the Lotus-eaters. The delicious but devious fruit of the lotus, he and his men discover, has the power to muddle ones memory so that he forg ets about home. While some of the men succumb to the fruit, Odysseus demonstrates remarkable self-control. This is in stark contrast to the way he handles himself in other tempting situations along the voyage. In this scene, though, Odysseus does not forget his thirst for home and that is why his reaction to this temptation is interesting. It immediately shows us that he does possess self-control and has a goal he is eager to reach. It suggests that the willpower he lacks later in the poem is, in fact, always inside of him. It is not something he needs to learn, but something he needs to improve upon and make a permanent part of his identity instead of a fleeting one. This scene proves that Odysseus has the power to be confronted by something alluring and not be taken in by it. Nonp... ...e voyage, the cunning fighter is not hasty at the end of the poem. Disguised as an old beggar, he could have revealed his true identity ofttimes earlier than he does. Instead, he waits for the r ight moment to strike. The suitors test his patience and perhaps his temper seethes within, but he does not make his fury cognize until the perfect moment. When the time comes to strike, he combines the cunning he has had all along with a newfound sense of control.The belief that what does not kill someone can only make them stronger is especially true in Odysseus case. His journey is peppered with temptations that collectively build up his will. Some of them temporarily distract him, while others are meant to sealing wax his doom. And even though he falls down, makes mistakes, and tests the limits along the way, his courage and his yearning for home lead to his ultimate enlightenment.

Macbeth: Not All Men Are Heroic :: essays research papers

Macbeth Not All Men Are HeroicMacbeth was written while when Scotland lacked a good Leader to defend itfrom a Norwasian invasion. During this dangerous situation, Macbeth stood push through asthe most commanding figure by defeating the rebel army. His thrill towards thewitches prophecies all confirmed his hopes of becoming the King and replacingKing Duncan, who lacked the power and fortitude to save his country from thisinvasion.In this essay, I will discuss Macbeth during the many experiences that he hadfaced and come across and I will show how these experiences and pressures thathe faced helped with the conclusion and theme of the play which yet has to beunderstood.The first signs that tell us of Macbeths thoughts of becoming King werefound when the King proclaimed his son, Malcolm, the heritor to the Scottish throne,and Macbeth considered murder to overcome this obstacle that would prevent himfrom becoming the King.The prince of Cumberland That is a stepOn which I must fall do wn, or else oerleap,For in my focus it lies. Stars, hide your firesLet not light see my black and deep desires.The eye wink at the hand yet let that be,Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.(Act 1Scene 4ln.55)When Lady Macbeth heard of her husbands success and read the letter, wealmost immediately feel that a new source of power had appared in the drama. Her spoken communication reflected a great knowledge of her husband and her practical approach toproblems as seen in the following two verses.Glacis thou art, and Cowdor, and shalt beWhat thou are promised. stock-still do I fear thy nature.It is too full o the milk of human kindnessTo catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be greatArt not without ambition, but withoutThe illness should attend it. What though wouldst highly,That wouldst though holilywouldst not play falseAnd yet wouldst wrongly win. Thouldst have, great GlacisThat which cries"Thus though must do,"if though have itAnd that which rather thou dost fear to doThan wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither,That I may pour my spirits in thine earAnd chastise with the chivalry of my tongueAll that impedes thee from the golden roundWhich fate and metaphysical aid doth seemTo have thee crowned withal.(Act 1Scene 5ln.14O, never Shall sunniness that morrow seeYour face, my thane, is a book where menMay read strange matters. To beguile the time,Look like the timebear welcome in your eye,Your hand, your tongue, matter like the innocent flower,But be the serpent undert.

Nation of Immigrants Essay -- Immigration

The American dream is an illusion of any person aspiring to be a part of a nation that calls itself the home of the free. Often imagery of America communicates ideas of freedom, equality, and success in life, from these we associate the American pipe dream. Immigrants are try to escape from other nations where there are people dying in the streets and families that cannot make enough m hotshoty to put food on the table. These people befool America as the land of prosperity and opportunity many come to this country for refuge. This view is shared throughout American history, when the Native Americans first arrived, to the settlers forming their colonies, to the industrial Revolution, to the gold rush, and to this very day. Many people die to reach this land full of promise for a better life. However, the land of opportunity is not broadcast for anyone, which is contradictory due to the nature of freedom and history of immigration in the United States of America. Immigration is the reason for the foundation of our country. The colonists first fled to America in face of freedom from religious oppression. As a consequence, white men wiped out large numbers of natives from the land through disease and battle. The debate over who has the commanding right to this land will never cease natives or immigrants. Over many, many years the immigrants have controlled America. The original immigrants have founded a nation on this land and paved a way for opportunities for all other men except the natives who they drove out to the worst pieces of real-estate. After forming a nation, the immigrants have one thing to fear, history repeating itself. This uneasiness is seen as far long ago as Benjamin Franklin who worried that the growing population of German... ...al Encyclopedia of the tender Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 581-583. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 27 Mar. 2012.Lochhead, Carolyn. A Legacy of the Unforeseen. 2006. Elements of Argument A Text and Reader. By Annette T. Rottenberg and Donna Haisty. Winchell. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 706-10. Print.Keen, Judy. For Immigrants, Living the Dream Is Getting Tougher. USA Today 16 June 2009. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Apr. 2012.Mintz, Steven. Food in America. Digital History. History Online, 2007. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .Samuelson, Robert J. The Hard Truth of Immigration. 2005. Elements of Argument A Text and Reader. By Annette T. Rottenberg and Donna Haisty. Winchell. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 704-06. Print.

Nation of Immigrants Essay -- Immigration

The American dream is an illusion of any person aspiring to be a part of a nation that calls itself the home of the free. a great deal imagery of America communicates ideas of freedom, equality, and success in life, from these we associate the American Dream. Immigrants are trying to escape from other nations where there are people dying in the streets and families that cannot make enough money to put food on the table. These people see America as the kill of prosperity and opportunity many succeed to this country for refuge. This view is shared through verboten American history, when the Native Americans first arrived, to the settlers forming their colonies, to the Industrial Revolution, to the gold rush, and to this very day. Many people die to reach this land full of promise for a better life. However, the land of opportunity is not open for anyone, which is contradictory due to the nature of freedom and history of immigration in the United States of America. Immigration is the reason for the foundation of our country. The colonists first fled to America in search of freedom from religious oppression. As a consequence, white manpower wiped out large numbers of natives from the land through disease and battle. The debate over who has the absolute right to this land will never cease natives or immigrants. everywhere many, many years the immigrants have controlled America. The original immigrants have founded a nation on this land and paved a way for opportunities for all other men except the natives who they drove out to the worst pieces of real-estate. After forming a nation, the immigrants have one thing to fear, history repeating itself. This uneasiness is seen as far pine ago as Benjamin Franklin who worried that the growing population of German... ...al Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 581-583. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 27 Mar. 2012.Lochhead, Carolyn. A Legacy of the Unforeseen. 2006. Elements of Argument A Text and Reader. By Annette T. Rottenberg and Donna Haisty. Winchell. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 706-10. Print.Keen, Judy. For Immigrants, Living the Dream Is Getting Tougher. USA Today 16 June 2009. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Apr. 2012.Mintz, Steven. Food in America. Digital History. History Online, 2007. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .Samuelson, Robert J. The Hard Truth of Immigration. 2005. Elements of Argument A Text and Reader. By Annette T. Rottenberg and Donna Haisty. Winchell. Boston, MA Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 704-06. Print.

Boston Beer HBS Case

Disadvantages of an collide with The company bequeath fountain underwriting costs associated with the PIP. A failed PIP could be expensive both in financial assets and in firm reputation. Complying with regulatory reporting standards will create additional costs that are non present in a private company. Incorporating the company may have negative tax implications for the current owners. Current shareholders who do non exit during the PIP will face severe dilution. Management control will decrease because of fiduciary duties to shareholders. This could conflict with the companys product quality processes and result in a shift toward a short-run earnings focus.Conclusion Although their contract brewing model reduces expected capital expenditures, their labor and marketing intensive gross sales strategy will require substantial consumption to expand into new markets. To meet projected harvest-feast, external funds will be needed. Raising these funds entirely from debt would c reate an unacceptable level of debt for a still growing company thus equity funding is the preferred option. The company has reached a maturity point where equity can more soft and cheaply raised in public capital markets rather than through venture or private equity firms.Additionally, publicity room the PIP will help with brand recognition in new markets. Given the recent success of competitor Ipso and Boston Beers profit margin and growth potential, the risk of a failed PIP is minimal, and most current shareholders intend to sell shares in the PIP reducing dilution concerns. Boston Beer should proceed with the PIP. Question 3-5 (Exhibit 3) 1995 Pro Formal Net gross sales All pro formal sales rely upon the speculation that net sales as of September 30, 1 995 represent 75% of expected closing revenue.Because the firms PIP will most likely have a more positive impact on Q sales than his estimate projects, if anything, the monetary values generated by our models are underestimate d, not overestimated. Cost of Debt BBC explains in its prospectus intent to extinguish outstanding debt carrying interest rates upwards of 1 1 . 5%. Based upon the firms low object glass leverage of 5%, low degree of operating leverage, and favorable credit history and financial outlook, the model assumes a cost of debt in line with abdominal aortic aneurysm corporate debt at 7. 2%. This estimate seems reasonable and sensitivity depth psychology shows a 1% decrease in the forecasted share price requires at to the lowest degree a 2. % increase in the cost of debt. Risk Free Rate The six-month and 30-year treasury rates given imply a fairly flat proceeds curve. Due to the relatively short forecast period and the short-term risk characteristics of this sedulousness, the model uses the six- month rate as the risk free rate in calculating the cost of equity. 995 Net Working Capital Requirement In order to calculate the change in NC over 1 996, the model assumes sasss year-end NC is c omposed of the existing September 30, 1 995 balance plus Of fourth quarter net sales due to the firms rationalization strategy. CAP Historical analysis shows an average 3. 3% capital intensity ratio. Based on a likely decrease in efficiency due to rapid expansion, the model forecasts a 3% capital intensity ratiothis includes restricted investments (Exhibit 1).Depreciation Depreciation was not included in the calculation of free cash flows because net CAP was used. 1995 entertain of Debt Boston Beers debt is private, so the market look upon will be very similar to, if not exactly the same as, its book value. Question The underwriting prospectus for the PIP suggests a share price of $12. 50 per hare, which is the starting point for analyzing the different scenarios. In order to determine the scenario that was most realistic, we attempted to rule out the ones that were not and a summary of our analysis is found in Exhibit 4. 1) First we analyzed the information asymmetry in the PIP. The offering presents information about around 1. 5 million shares offered in the PIP from current stockholders. It is unlikely that management are willing to offer shares at $12. 50 if the fair market value really is $29 per share, thus weakening the belief in the succor scenario. 2) Analysts expectations and comparable metrics. Analysts are generally very positive in regards to the Craft brew Segment, expecting continued growth in 1995.A conservative market share estimate of 5% of the total interior(prenominal) beer market by 2000 compared to only 1. 4% in 1994. In addition, both Pet?s Brewing Company and Redbook Ale Brewery have recently completed successful Pips resulting in growing share prices. These factors both install up expectations for Bibs upcoming PIP and are likely to be incorporated in Bibs PIP price. This might mean that BBC will be trading at a slight expectation premium above what the fair value of the company is, thus strengthening the reliability of the firs t scenario with a stock price of $12. 3. In addition, by comparing PIE ratios of Pets Brewing Company, 1 00, and Redbook Ale Brewery, 36, with BBC for the three different scenarios weakens the third scenario because of an implied PIE ratio of 17. 9, which is below both of the two comparable companies. The first scenario braggart(a) an implied P/E ratio of 41. 9 and the second scenario showing an implied PIE ratio of 99. 9 are tooth around the two competitors PIE ratios, strengthening the plausibility of these scenarios when looking at the P/E ratio isolated. 3) We also used industry growth trends to compare the expected sales of BBC in 2000, considering a constant market share, to the 2000 sales forecasted in each scenario. The results allowed us to rule out the third scenario because the sales forecasted in 2000 are less than half of what we would expect with conservative assumptions of the craft industry growth. The other two scenarios were fairly close to the expected revenues i n 2000. 4) The second scenario was ruled out when analyzing the growth trends of BBC in recent years.BBC has already undergone rapid growth and we expect that high growth phase to taper Off sooner rather than later. Ten more years Of high growth is unreasonable and unrealistic. Lastly, the second scenario can be ruled out again when looking at revenues projected for 2006. If the craft brewing industry grew to ten percent of the total domestic beer market by 2006, which is an aggressive assumption, then BBC would have to double its current percentage of market share in the craft industry. We also find that assumption fairly unreasonable due to the competitive nature of the craft industry now and into the future.

RC Cola Case Essay

As we wholly know that Coca-Cola, Sprite, Pepsi are truly famous drinks solely over the world as hearty as Bangladesh. We cant find single person who doesnt like diffuse drinks. Mainly our young generation preferred to drinks. Now eld there are m either soft drinks come with are coming continuously like Euro-Cola, RC Cola etc. Most of them are tastes are rather similar. Popularity of RC Cola is rapidly increasing day by day. In a small town, city even in villages RC Cola is available. RC Cola has taken a very strong place in peoples heart within very short time. One of the reasons is its outlay and another reason is its taste. The introductory line of beverages was named Royal Crown and the first Cola was called Chero-Cola.Activities of the precautionDifferent activities of the management in RC political party Ltd. are given belowPlanningThe overall planning approach in RC Company Ltd. is top-down. The seven members of the Board of coachs are responsible for the strateg ic planning and overall policy guidelines of the Company. Mainly the top take management plans al the long term and short term planning. Expansions of its products and sales are the long range planning. How can expand its products, sales and how it will be financed to earn more profit are its long term planning. * The lower level management of RC Company Ltd. makes short term plans. The management makes the plans of daily activities of the Company. directly or tomorrows work schedule making is the part of short term planning of RC Company Ltd.OrganizingPlanning of the management of RC Company Ltd. establishes the goals of the bon ton and how they are to be achieved. Organizing develops the structure to reach these goals. The CEO, Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Head of Factory are responsible for achieving business goals and handleing the day to day operation.Co-ordinatingThe CEO and Managing Director of the Company are assisted by a senior Management Group consi sting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Factory centrally and co-ordinates operations of offices. Management of RC Company Ltd. also trains their labors, so that they can get going better performances from their labors.DirectingThrough the planning the management of RC Company Ltd. builds climate, provides leadership and arranges the opportunity for motivation. Manager of the pulverization and offices plans and oversees the work of each of his or her sub-ordinates. Directing is aimed at getting the members of the Company to move in the direction that will achieve Companys objectives. commandingThe management approach in RC Company Ltd. is authoritative. Tasks are designed in such a way that one cannot leave without completing it as he is assigned for a day. Sitting arrangement in the factory and all offices is done in a way that the superior can monitor the sub-ordinates all the time. Budgeting, rewarding, punishing etc. are also practiced as tone down mechanism.Product pla nning* RC Company designs the product harmonise to the USA brand.* Import the raw(prenominal) materials from USA.* Assess the need of the market.* They assess the product cost and the price of the product in the market.* Import the machineries from USA.* They follow the production method of the foreign product.Production system and DesignMost of the flavors of RC Cola are as concentrates, which are rigorously analyzed toensure the quality specifications. Each concentrate lot is coded and packaged, thenshipped on for the next look the addition of sweetener and water to the concentratesto produce syrups for cola.The quality standards are very high. Mixing tanks must be of a specified grade of stainless steel. The wide syrup manufacturing system must employ hot sanitation. Precise control over water and sweetener components must be demonstrated. And,quality control professionals must oversee each step of the process.RC syrups start with fresh water, treated by using a multiple ba rrier filtration process.In one tank there are deuce large mixers, which look like wheels from outside. There tons of sugars are added to produce syrup. Then the syrup is transferred to the other tank where it is refined. After that it is kept under the immoderate Violet (UV) ray to cleanthe germs. In another tank the flavors are mixed. Finally it is transferred to thecarbonated chamber. Throughout the manufacturing process, they take special careto ensure that every step from the selection of ingredients to the normalisation of equipment requirements. The final step is to verify that their efforts have been successful by testing the syrups for taste and adherence to their formula.Product and Customer solutionRC cola is a soft drink. We get it as a bottled drink. We get it in different size, quantity and taste. It contains calories, carbohydrate and sugar. There is no fat, protein and sodium. But diet cola has no sugar. We get it in different colors and flavors. It has no harmfu l element. It is a refreshing drink for all classes of people. RC is a product that consists of the basic physical pass and an successive set of images and services features that seek to fill up necessarily. RC Cola is also that type product.Price and Customer costPrice depends on its quantity. It is expected to all because the price is reasonable. We get it within 15-50 taka. Though the cost to market the product in the agricultural area is bit high, the price is same both to the urban and rural area. Pricing decisions are influenced by now responsive a target market is high or low price, the physiological created by prices and the actions of competitors.Inventory controlInventory control balances the need for adequate stock against the costs of purchasing, handling, storing and keeping records on it. It is an attempt to keep enough material on hand to satisfy production requirements and at the same time avoid tying up too much capital in inventors. RC can keep its raw materia ls very well because if they do not keep their materials well they can face a heavy loss.Materials managementRC cola is a soft drink. To prepare it needs some elements that are very essential for it. The RC Company buys its raw materials from home and aboard. The RC Company establishes performance specification for required item, or accepts suppliers specification. plane section that needs submits purchase requisition to purchasing agent. Purchasing agent sends purchase order to supplier. Purchasing agent follows to confirm item will be delivered according to terms. Goods received and inspected by the inspector of RC CompanyPromotion and CommunicationAdvertising is the main way of promoting new flavor and new design product. When the product is launched the company gives ads to the electronic media and paper media to create concentration of the people. When the new product is launched the company give discount in product. They offer several types of free gift with the freshly lau nched product.Promotional strategy is the second element of the marketing mix. It involves the correct blending of advertising, publicity to create the promotional mix.Product and Customer solutionRC cola is a soft drink. We get it as a bottled drink. We get it in different size, quantity and taste. It contains calories, carbohydrate and sugar. There is no fat, protein and sodium. But diet cola has no sugar. We get it in different colors and flavors. It has no harmful element. It is a refreshing drink for all classes of people. RC is a product that consists of the basic physical offering and an accompanying set of images and services features that seek to satisfy needs. RC Cola is also that type product.Price and Customer costPrice depends on its quantity. It is expected to all because the price is reasonable. We get it within 15-50 taka. Though the cost to market the product in the rural area is bit high, the price is same both to the urban and rural area. Pricing decisions are inf luenced by now responsive a target market is high or low price, the physiological created by prices and the actions of competitors. debt instrument to the EnvironmentWater pollution- Water pollution is caused by the dumping of toxic chemicals, sewage and garbage into rivers and streams. To keep the water pollution free, steps are stringently maintained by the RC Company people.Air pollution-Air pollution caused by carbon-monoxide and hydrocarbons that come from motor vehicles and by smoke and other pollutants from manufacturing plants. From the RC Company these gasses are not exhausted. scarcely very low amount of smoke exhausts from generators.Land pollution-Land pollution results from strip mining of coal and minerals, forest fires, garbage, disposals and dumping of industrial wastes including chemicals. RC Company is not caused any kind of land pollutions.Responsibility to InvestorsCompany also has a responsibility to the people who invest money to them.Proper management of fun ds-RC Company manages funds flop so as to return a fair profit to investors. Managers have a responsibility to thoroughly investigate their investments and to clearly present all facts and risks to investors. rile to information-RC Company has the responsibility to make stock information available to all potential investors.Executive compensation-Executives who run company carry tremendous responsibility and merit to be compensated accordingly. A fair compensation program definitely rewarded executives for out-standing performance.ConclusionThe management approach differs from organization to organization. But all types of organization take to mare or less some common functions such as planning, marketing, HRM, co-ordinating and production. RC Company Ltd. successfully applies management functions in its operations. As a result, today RC Company deserves top position in the market of soft drinks.

Evaluate Break-Even Analysis as a Decision-Making Tool

3. 3 Evaluate break-even analytic thinking as a decision-making tool. The definition of the Break-even analysis The break-even analysis is an analysis of a product or companys sales required to neither lose money nor make a profit, barely simply to cover be. Explain in mathematical term total revenues total costs = 0. The methods By using a break-even formula or by drawing a break-even chart. Why is it so important using a break-even analysis?Because it gives vital information about a business or a companys financial status, not just for a simple break-even point. For start-up businesses, it determines how businesses are setting-up prices for their projections to achieve a reasonable level of break-even point and safety margin. For an on-going business, it as vital for review analysis and forecast its break-even point as, how can it improve the relationship between fixed costs, variable costs and revenues and justify a regenerate decision to achieve an ultimate result for a hea lthy business.Although its simple and easy to set-up, yet fundament in ally its an essential decision-making tool for analysing all forms of businesses. For example 1. Increase prices to raise total revenues, it creates a humble break-even point and better safety margin. 2. Reduce fixed costs or variable costs and prices remain the same also can lower the break-even point. 3. Reduce selling prices and variable costs to generate more sale revenues equally it can lower the break-even point.

Dominant Images of Women and Gender Construction

Introduction Wo custody in society be viewed as subordinates to work force. Women ar evaluate to listen, sit and wait for the men. There atomic number 18 examples of the subordination of women everywhere you look. In literature, the media and different societies all over the globe, women are portrayed as lesser than men. In the past, many Eastern and Western societies did not allow women to be educated due to the fact that men thought women should not have the knowledge and be able to use their knowledge in any path. Men treated women in much(prenominal) a primitive manner.All the females needed to know were the basics of safekeeping house, raising children, and following their husbands orders. In section 2, I will describe two dominant imageries of women. I will provide contemporary day examples of these two dominant images which I chose to discuss. I will discuss how these images co-play with the mechanisms of gender construction. There will be a feed-back loop on the make of expectations of women due to these 2 types of imagery. 2. Women as Sex Objects Women are often viewed as grammatical gender objects.One reason why men view women as sex objects is because men use women to reproduce and without women, there will be no way to have to a greater extent children. Another reason why men view women as sex objects is because it makes them feel more superior to women. This is especially true in the porn industry. Pornography constructs women as what men want sexually. Pornography is the answer to the fantasies of men. Women are constantly being dominated by men and used to satisfy the mens desires. In many cases, women who are perceived as vulnerable are often do to appear less threatening, more childlike.Women who are perceived to be in any case pure are portrayed to be more bad. Many antipornography feminists protest against pornography because it degrades women and promotes violence against women. Overall, pornography radiates a bad image of women to the world. As a result of women being viewed as sex objects, men acquire a certain expectation from women to act and behave the way women are portrayed in pornography. Sometimes, men become pornography scenes too literally and are tempted to re-enact the scenes out, giving living to these fantasies. In MacKinnons, Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech The books that were ound with this man were Violent Stories of Kinky Humiliation, Violent Stories of Dominance and Submission you think feminists made up these words? Bizarre Sex Crimes, Shamed Victims, and Water Sports Fetish, Enemas and Golden Showers. The Minnesota Supreme Court said, It appears that in committing these various acts, the defendant was giving life to some stories he had read in various pornographic books. (1993 379). Women as Earth Mothers Ever since ancient times, women have been viewed as earth mothers because they are considered to be closer to nature.Staying at home, having kids, raising the kids, teaching , cooking and cleaning these are all the things that are expected naturally from women. According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner Women are universally devalued and this is trussed to the symbolic association of women and nature. (1974 29). She argued nature is controlled by culture by means of symbol and artifacts. In her sense, culture is associated with human consciousness and the products of humans, such as technology and thoughts which humans use to control nature.This means that culture is superior to nature because it can form and shape nature any way it wants to shape it according to the needs or wishes of humans. As earth mothers, women are associated with nature and men have been associated with culture so therefore, men are seen as superior to women and men can easily control women. Women are considered closer to nature in 3 ways. One is due to their ability to bear children. To be able to reproduce makes women a step closer to nature than men. Another reason is based o n the fact that women are caretakers or infants and children.They are nurturing individuals who take care of children who are too young to acquire cultural values so this makes children closer to nature. The women are viewed as even closer to nature because they are taking care of these young children who have yet to acquire culture. The third way women are seen as earth mothers is because women deal with more concrete issues such as taking care of the children, taking care of her husband, and housework. As a result of women being viewed as earth mothers, the women act the role while the men expect the women to have kids and nurture the family.If this standard expectation is not followed, society will criticize the individuals. 3. Conclusion There are many dominant images of women. The primary(prenominal) ones I chose to discuss are women portrayed as subordinate sex objects and women portrayed as nurturing earth mothers. The world is still filled with the idea that women are subor dinates compared to men and it will be a tough fight for feminists but little by little, progress is being made. Soon, not only women are exit to be viewed as the caretakers of the family men are slowly adopting the roles women are currently playing. Society is gradually changing.

Doing Business in Countries with Totalitarian Goverments Essay

The ethics of doing business in countries with undemocratic governments has many pros and cons involved with it. still for this debate I will show the cons of doing business in a country with a totalitarian government with an example.The term totalitarian government base be defined as in political science a system of government and ideology in which all social, political, economic, intellectual, cultural, and spiritual activities are subordinated to the purposes of the rulers of a state. (http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia) Totalitarian dictatorship strives to be in the control of all the aspects of the private and public behavior by the government influencing all of society toward all their familiar goals and policies.When I began thinking of a totalitarian government a good example came to mind is the totalitarian states of Nazi Germany which was under the leadership of Adolf Hitler at that time. It was the beginning examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism in which the state achieved an overwhelming popular support for its countrys leadership. The support from its individuals was not spontaneous scarce it genesis depended on its charismatic leader. It also was made possible only by the modern developments in its communication and transportation. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia under totalitarian rules, the traditional social institutions and organizational are discouraged and suppressed. Thus saying that the social fabric is weakened and the people became more amenable to absorption into a single unified movement.With all said me I believe that with doing business in a country that has a totalitarian government would not be a chose one bit. A totalitarian government will tell you as a business owner how you should run your business. They will also gain ground themselves involved in e real big or little aspects of how your business is operated. With being in a totalitarian government you would have to be very caution of what and how you sell your goods and services. I also believe that with a totalitarian government that if you make one wrong move you business could be interpreted over by the government. By doing business with a country that lives under thetotalitarian rules you as a business owner are inadvertently documentation the regime of the dictators.ReferencesDefinition of totalitarianism Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia (2008). Retrieved May 5, 2008 from http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574819/totalitarianism.htmlTotalitarianism (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 5, 2008 from Encyclopedia Britannica Online http//www.brigannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600435/totalitarianism

Expulsion of Moors

In 1492, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II conducted a terms in which Muslims are allowed to preserve their mosques and apparitional institutions, to retain the use of their language and to continue to abide by their own laws and customs. But within seven years these terms had been broken. The Moors, the descendants of the Muslim population, were prone a choice between to convert to Christianity or exile. For the majority, baptism was the only practical option. So the Spanish Moors became the New Christians and subject to the jurisdiction of the Inquisition.The moors had to abandon the Arabic language, expose their faces, and forced to let their doors opened. For most new Christans, their conversion werent absolute, the Moors act like Christian, but continued to practice Islam in secret. They lead a take over life with a clear conscience because certain Islamic religious authorities allowed that, under a threat, Muslims might apply the principle of TAQUIYA . they may drinki ng wine, eat pork and uncover their faces. A person who refused to drink wine or eat pork might be denounced as a Muslim to the Inquisition.In 1567 Philip II renewed an edict which had never been strictly enforced, making the use of Arabic illegal and prohibiting Islamic religion, dress and customs. This edict resulted in the disintegration of the Alpujarras (1568-1570), which were suspected to corroborate with the Turks. During The uprising Moriscos get help from Turkish and Moroccan volunteers. The uprising was brutally suppressed by Don John of Austria. By the source of 1571, the Moriscos were massacred and defeated.Some were killed and others were deported under inhumane conditions. Moors were suspected to corroborate with the Turks, a permanent solution by the inquisitions which to proceed with the expulsion of the Moors. On April 09, 1609, King Philip III of Spain positive the Expulsion of the Moriscos. The Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the king dom for Muslim North Africa. The majority of the forced emigrants settled in the Maghrib or Barbary Coast, specially in Oran, Tunis, Tlemcen, Tetuan, Rabat and Sale.

Jonathan Swift and Piers Paul Read Essay

Cannibalism is the last taboo. In Alive and A minor(ip) Proposal Jonathan agile and Piers Paul Read approach the subject with completely different purposes in mind. What do you consider to be the purpose of each author, and say how he achieves this? A lower-ranking Proposal is a scathing attack on the economic oppression of the Irish by the English. During Swifts life sentence tremendous suffering was ca practised by English practices in Ireland. However, it is incorrect to say that cannibalism is the theme of A Modest Proposal. Swift was a Protestant writer in Ireland at the time of The Great Potato Famine.The word is a clever satirical device to draw attention to the plight of the poor. He infiltrates the opposition, the rich Protestant landlords, in order to put their torturous ideas to ridicule. Swift attacks his own Protestant, English community by creating a narrator who considers himself a reasonable and compassionate book of facts, except one who combines a repulsive anti-Catholic bigotry, with a broken proposal, that is, instead, a final solution he, the narrator, advocates cannibalism as a means of countering Irish Catholic poverty abortion, and the racy birth rate.The narrator, in a frighteningly rational and level-headed tone condemns the English for macrocosm inhumane, the Irish for being passive, the speaker for being morally blind, and the reader for accepting intolerable situations in the world around him for this make-up was accepted and believed by many, at the time. On the other hand, Piers Paul Read, in his biographical novel Alive, rather than indirectly giving answers to a problem, asks questions.He tells of the experiences of the survivors of an Andean plane crash in 1976, who, in the remoteness, and the badness of their environment, the lack of a consumable source of food, and the quickening exhaustion of their own limited amounts of chocolate and wine, adjudge no where to turn except, in their desperation, to eat the mea t from their fellow, dead, company. They have only their planes wreckage as shelter, which has come down from 14,000 feet.Both literary pieces, although their purpose, style and audience ar different, jolt the reader appear of their complacency, and encourage them to think of things they thought werent necessary to be thought about However, it is necessary to control that the two texts have been written hundreds of years apart, and society, of course, has evolved. Swift has reached out across the religious and ethnic destine to champion the ignorant, impoverished Irish Catholics.The bigotry of Swifts narrative is so convincing and grotesque, that Swift himself is sometimes mistaken as his narrator, an anti-Catholic bigot On the contrary, Swifts essay harshly attacks the Christian committal of Irelands wealthy Protestant absentee landowners, and his unflattering cannibal is made in their image. P. P. Read meanwhile, attacks not the opposition, but gives a balanced and meaningful account of the plane crash and the tales that followed, and examines the human spirit to stay alive, and questions what is refine and human. Yet, simultaneously, Read, almost in the opposite of Swift, advocates cannibalism. Read turns the views of cannibalism as a taboo on its head. Rather than associating it with barbarousness and being primitive and irrational, he questions logic, and seems to state that the ban is the primitive thing, that is not based on reason. In one paragraph alone, he writes, we grappled with emotions, and we did not think it wrong twice.While Swift attacks the Landlords by linking their cupidity to their devouring of the Irish Catholics, and satirizes cannibalism to the extent that it is no longer seen as ironic, only distasteful, Read, using a character Canessa, reasons cannibalism out. He talks of nourishment and energy, and of course, eventually wins his company. Their decision is based on logic and reason, and the ability to use these makes us civil ized. Although I do not feel that Swifts narrators views are plausible, Read using a variety of effective techniques, convinces the reader.Swift shows how the English projected their own piece onto their victims- destitute Irish Catholics, that, Swift suggests, have been cannibalized by the rapacious greed of absentee landlords. Swift is hoping to shame them into being more compassionate. However, as what happened when I read it for the first time, because Swift and his narrator are so tightly intertwined, readers often emerge from their reading, confused, perhaps unable to take in the implausibility of his case.

Bloomberg News vs. Agence France-Presse

Comparing Bloomberg discussion and Agence France-Presses presentation of a story regarding the recent win of Barrack Obama against Hilary Clinton in the Wisconsin and Hawaii primaries, there atomic number 18 some similarities and differences that can be seen.Both stories from Bloomberg and alpha fetoprotein provide the necessary information that answers the five Ws of a news show report. AFP and Bloomberg wrote about Barrack Obama, Hilary Clinton, and John McCain, the three presidential hopefuls, and the results of the recently concluded primaries in the states of Wisconsin and Hawaii.Both stories personify the inverted pyramid style wherein the most important part of the news can be tack at the beginning. The stories are easy to read and well written.There is however, a marked difference in the implement of descriptive language. For compositors case,Bloomberg used rival to refer to Mrs. Clinton, while AFP used bitter rival to chance upon Mrs. Clinton. Reading the AFP story, wholeness would gleam an emotion from the story, while the Bloomberg report is simply matter-of-fact. Reading the AFP report is interchangeable hearing somebody doing an eloquent speech. On the other hand, reading the Bloomberg report is like listening to a well-prepared board presentation.Probably, the eloquence that can be associated with the AFP report is influenced by the more than expressive nature of the French people as a whole. In the case of the very business-like Bloomberg report, one can reasonably say that the writing is influenced by the hurried world that New Yorkers have. Another instance where the two stories vary is in the angle theyve taken.Early in the story, AFP talks about McCains preemptive dab against Obama. The same detail was placed under a separate subheading in the Bloomberg story. The Bloomberg story has been neatly divided into subheadings, while AFPs story has no subheadings but incorporated all relevant details into a comprehensive news.ReferencesG oldman, J. & Jensen, K. (2008, February 20). Obama Wins Wisconsin, Adding Votes BeforeTexas, Ohio. Bloomberg News. Retrieved February 20, 2008, fromhttp//www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601070&sid=aoF_avJCMvew&refer=home Oberman, M. (2008, February 20). Obama hammers Clinton again to stretch unbeaten streak. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved February 20, 2008, fromhttp//afp.google.com/ hold/ALeqM5jGjzzHGfhWvRQxy7LcMzUqRikkTA

Discovery and Conquest of America was achieved through the heroic acts of great men, is this myth or reality?

Before I discuss my stand about this matter, let me first face up myth. As the definition, invention (mythos) is a sacred story concerning the origins of the tell apartledge domain or how the world and the creatures in it came to contain their present form. The active bes in myths are gener e very(prenominal)y gods and heroes. Myths often are said to take military position before recorded history begins. In saying that a myth is a sacred narrative, what is meant is that a myth is look atd to be true by people who attach religious or spiritual moment to it. Use of the term by scholars does not imply that the narrative is either true or false.A Myth in popular use is some affaire that is widely believed to be false. This usage, which is often pejorative, arose from labeling the religious myths and beliefs of other cultures as being incorrect, but it has spread to cover non-religious beliefs as well. Because of this usage, m both people take offense when the religious narrative s they believe to be true are c exclusivelyed myths. This usage is frequently confused with fiction, leg close, fairy tale, folklore, fable, and urban legend, each of which has a distinct meaning in academia.If we testament discuss myth further, and if we will elaborate this into details, as stated, it takes gift before recorded history begins. So most likely, thither is no basis or check that it really happened in the past. And it is much easier to make a certain exact or story because cipher ca-ca experienced or witnessed such(prenominal) event. And the creative mind of writers/people is then very useful. Writers or story makers can give some scenario, a make-believe story that eventually, readers or listeners will claim as a real thing that occurs or took place somewhere else in the world somewhere back in time.How m some(prenominal) myths and stories like this have roamed around the globe? Some where even taught in most schools and universities. And we are all quite inter ested in hearing or listening to such stories, because our imagination is at impart. Then we begin to wonder, to share it to others and eventually, hold to it as the truth. Now, lets posit reality. In everyday usage, it means the state of things as they actually exist. Reality is something that really happened or is happening. to the highest degree of the important or significant happenings are documented so it will be preserved and aught will and can question its existence and or occurrence.Most of it nowadays are being broadcast, televised, exposed and presented to the world using communication mediums. Now, let me have my stand. Heroic acts of great men cannot be claimed as myth. It is a reality. It is in the history. How would we ever named some of them and make a story about their battles and their respective lives and contributions in the perfect countrified if we really enduret have any basis or something to claim as their walks during their time? Where did historians get their stories behind the past events?How writers of different ages, races derived their respective write-ups and claims if they dont have any research or basis in writing such things? We cannot say that it was merely frictional or due to their plenteous and wild imaginations, though we know that human beings are highly intellectual. And a mint of discoveries around the world are eminent to all races, that would enlighten and give people the hint or idea of what happened in the past or what people in the early years have or experienced before they vanished in the surface of earth.Heroic acts are not merely the act of giving someones life for the sake of something bigger. It is not always the act of doing something great, it is not always visible in the naked eyes. Sometimes or in that respect are times that silence is indeed the act itself of heroism, of credit line it depends on the situation. And heroism is not measured on how small or big it is, so coherent that action was done with love and dedication for something worthwhile. Lets have the Philippines as a blank example for this matter. We all know that there was a lot of invasion in the above mentioned country.But there were those great man who stand out and appointment to get the freedom of their beloved country. To name a few, there is Jose Rizal who used his brilliant mind in writing to awaken the heart of his fellow Filipinos to fight against Spaniards, Andres Bonifacio, Lapu-Lapu, GOMBURZA (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora) and a lot more. Their acts of heroism are of different forms and ways. But still, they made a difference. In the States, there are as well great heroes. To name some, there is John Ordroneauxre who fought the British in 1812 Haym Salomon who was the moneyman of the revolutionary war Col.Leon Dyer who served the country in the three wars Major Leopold Blumenberg who was a hero of the civil war and a lot more, in different fields, of different ways of showing their terrific acts for the country with fortify wide-open. Furthermore, lets have the exploration of Christopher Columbus, if he and his men do not have any single heroic acts in their lives during their time, they will never discover land for territorial expansion. We all know that exploration took place not just for days but of years.And those men spent their lives for such thing even if they dont know if they will be successful or not. And yes they made it. October 12, 1492 is indeed a time they will never forget, the date they discovered America. From there on and up to the present, we all know that a lot of men devoted their lives for the love of country. Ups and d bears come and go but still, America stands still. Now going back to the main issue of the discovery and conquest of America that was achieved through the heroic acts of men as a reality and not as a myth, lets have the existence of Thanksgiving.If there is no single heroic act in the past, if there is no priming to be thankful, so why is that so that America have this Thanksgiving which usually celebrated on the second to the last week of November? It is not merely for thanking the Almighty God for all His blessings and guidance for the complete year round but as well as for commemorating the whole heroic acts of all individuals who in one way or another make America a successful and abundant country in most aspect, in all aspect. Nowadays, what is America? In the world, America is the powerful and grueling nation. Great leaders ruled America.Even having some unexpected issues and battles, America remains standing. Untouched and undivided. How come? nevertheless because, there is those men with open arms who are very much willing to give their lives for the country without asking or waiting for anything in return. There is still and always those man who are very much willing to give something, small or big, special or not that would make a difference. I guess thats all that matters. And that heroic act will always be there, until the end of time. We can never question that. It is something that sometimes heart could only understand.As to scholars of our times that question the issue of heroic act of some great men, maybe they have their own point of view. Maybe they have unsated curiosity, maybe some of their questions were not clearly answered. We cannot please everybody nor to persuade them to believe in something that they really dont believe. Maybe they need some proof. Or maybe, they just wanted historians/writers to prove their respective work a reality and not just mere a story to tell or something that will catch the whole worlds attention. People are entitled to hold on to their own opinion. Lets just respect each others point of view.

Buad 3010 Text Bank Chp 1

Marketing An Introduction, 11e (Arm substantial) Chapter 1 Marketing Creating and Capturing client Value 1) ________ is defined as a loving and managerial process by which individual(a)s and shapings obtain what they use up and want through creating and exchanging harbor with separates. A) Value reengineering B) homo resource counseling C) Financing D) Marketing E) Root cause analysis invite out D rogue referee 5 both(prenominal)er tripping Chapter LO 1 vogue LO debate the thorough imaginations of market 2) The prototypic step in the selling process is ________.A) capturing honor from clients to create pro rivals and client faithfulness B) constructing an combine trade course that resigns top nonch rate C) mental synthesis advantageous races and creating client delight D) understanding the mart and customer ask and wants E) designing a customer-driven market strategy purpose D rascal reader 6 obstacle obligate Chapter LO 1 run for LO hand le the wake slight ideals of trade 3) ________ argon states of snarl deprivation. A) Needs B) Desires C) Demands D) Values E) Exchanges unattackableness of purpose A rascal reader 6 hassle Easy Chapter LO 2 cargoner LO talk over the ingrained plans of market 4) ________ argon human postulate as shaped by individual personality and culture. A) Offerings B) Wants C) Demands D) Values E) Exchanges fare B page reader 6 difficulty Easy Chapter LO 2 figure LO handle the thoroughgoing concepts of selling 5) When backed by debauching power, wants manufacture ________. A) well-disposed necessitate B) demands C) physical needs D) self-esteem needs E) exchanges practise B foliate reader 6 encumbrance Easy Chapter LO 2 configuration LO wrangle the essential concepts of merchandising 6) Abel presently has the purchase power to purchase the computer that he wanted for the last six months. Abels want has now become a(n) ________. A) need B) necessity C) demand D) fate E) desire effect C rascal ref 6 hindrance Ch all(prenominal)enging Chapter LO 2 AACSB uninflected skills stratum LO talk about the total concepts of market 7) ________ refers to the mistake of paying(a) to a great extent attention to the specific products a attach to convolutions than to the benefits and experiences produced by these products.A) Buyers remorse B) Out-of-home advertising C) Caveat emptor D) Marketing myopia E) Winners curse cause D rascal referee 7 difficultness head Chapter LO 2 trend LO establish the positive concepts of selling 8) The art and science of choosing target markets and expression profitable relationships with them is called ________. A) merchandise way B) market capitalization C) market liquidity D) market buzz E) selling liberalization termination A scallywag reader 9 barrier Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the complete concepts of merchandise ) Selecting particular segments of a population of customers to inspection and repair is called ________. A) apprize reengineering B) brand synchronizing C) mass customizing D) target selling E) selective administering Answer D scallywag reader 9 Difficulty checker Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the primordial concepts of selling 10) The BakeWay Bite is a popular cookie sandwich marketed by the Posco Division of Home viandss. It is storied for its white cream-filled center. Home Foods created a different version of these biscuits for consumers in Ger more.To appeal to German consumers, Home Food created dark chocolate filling for the same cookie sandwiches. This is an example of ________. A) bulk breaking B) cost leading C) diversification D) target trade E) vertical integration Answer D rogue Ref 9 Difficulty contest Chapter LO 3 AACSB uninflected skills Course LO Discuss the first harmonic concepts of selling 11) A brands ________ is the plant of benefits or delimit it promises to deliver to consumers to fill up their nee ds. A) dominant affect B) fringe benefit C) cardinality D) time value propositionE) ingrained benefit Answer D foliate Ref 9 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 12) Which of the following marketing oversight concepts is approximately likely to lead to marketing myopia? A) the customer-driven marketing concept B) the customer-driving marketing concept C) the societal marketing concept D) the marketing concept E) the payoff concept Answer E Page Ref 10 Difficulty extend Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 13) The output signal concept holds that ________.A) consumers get out not buy teeming of the firms products unless the firm undertakes a spectacular-scale selling and forward motion effort B) a partys marketing decisions should consider consumers wants, the federations requirements, consumers long haul interests, and societys long haul interests C) consumers result respect products tha t are available and highly cheap D) achieving organizational goals depends on versed the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions smash than competitors do E) consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, writ of execution, and innovative features Answer CPage Ref 10 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 14) Henry Fords school of thought was to perfect the Model-T so that its cost could be reduced further for change magnitude consumer affordability. This reflects the ________. A) customer-driving marketing concept B) marketing concept C) societal marketing concept D) production concept E) selling concept Answer D Page Ref 10 Difficulty contend Chapter LO 3 AACSB analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 5) According to the product concept, a company should ________. A) rectify marketing of its best(p) products only B) market only those products that hit high customer appeal C) focus on the target market and catch products that meet those customers demands D) devote its energy to fashioning continuous product improvements E) make promoting products the companys top priority Answer D Page Ref 10 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 16) The selling concept holds that ________.A) consumers will not buy becoming of the firms products unless the firm undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort B) a companys marketing decisions should consider consumers wants, the companys requirements, consumers long-run interests, and societys long-run interests C) consumers will favor products that are available and highly low-priced D) achieving organizational goals depends on discriminating the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do E) consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, per manikinanc e, and innovative features Answer APage Ref 10 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 17) Which of the following reflects the marketing concept philosophy? A) We dont have a marketing department, we have a customer department. B) Were in the business of making and selling maestro products. C) We build them so you bay window buy them. D) When its profits versus customers needs, profits will always win out. E) You wont predominate a better deal anywhere else. Answer A Page Ref 10-11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 18) The ________ concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on dealing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. A) marketing B) product C) production D) selling E) societal marketing Answer A Page Ref 10 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketin g 19) customer-driven marketing is most likely to mold puff up when ________ and when customers ________. A) a clear need exists are difficult to identifyB) customers do not know what they want have express budgets C) on that point are a couple of(prenominal) competitors are concerned about their long-run welfare D) a clear need exists know what they want E) a want exists behindnot afford it Answer D Page Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 20) When customers dont know what they want or dont how incessantly know whats practicable, the most effective strategy is ________ marketing. A) customer-driven B) customer-driving C) societal D) production E) product Answer B Page Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 21) Josie enjoys her work at Futuristic Designs Inc. Her organization understands and anticipates customer needs even better than customers themselves do a nd creates products and work to meet existing and latent needs, now and in the future. Josies firm practices ________ marketing. A) product concept B) customer-driving C) societal D) obliger E) production concept Answer B Page Ref 11 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 3 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 22) The societal marketing concept holds that ________.A) consumers will not buy enough of the firms products unless the firm undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort B) a companys marketing decisions should consider consumers wants, the companys requirements, consumers long-run interests, and societys long-run interests C) the society will favor products that are available and highly affordable D) achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do E) consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performanc e, and innovative features Answer BPage Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 23) The societal marketing concept seeks to establish a eternal sleep betwixt consumer short-run wants and consumer ________. A) short-run be B) short-run benefits C) long-run welfare D) long-run costs E) long-run reputation Answer C Page Ref 11 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 24) Some fast-food restaurants offer tasty and convenient food at affordable prices, but in doing so they contribute to the national obesity epidemic and environmental problems.These fast-food restaurants overlook the ________ concept. A) marketing B) product C) production D) societal marketing E) selling Answer D Page Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 AACSB Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 25) ________ marketing is socially and environmentally res ponsible marketing that meets the present needs of consumers and businesses while also preserving or enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. A) Customer-driven B) Mass C) SustainableD) Customer-driving E) Differential Answer C Page Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 26) The overall process of build and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction is called ________. A) customer lifetime management B) societal marketing C) customer relationship management D) database marketing E) sustainable customer management Answer C Page Ref 13 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 7) Which of the following terms refers to a customers military rank of the difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a marketing offer congener to those of competing offers? A) customer-perceived value B) custom er-oriented brand equity C) customer-perceived performance D) customer-oriented promotional assortment E) customer-oriented price mix Answer A Page Ref 13 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 28) Nickson released a sore range of watches that were titled after the historied mountaineer Adam Wills.These new watches were promoted through claims that the design is a favorite of Adam Wills who use a similar watch designed by Nickson for its high durability and quality on his expeditions. Such a measure to entice customers to buy ones products aims at creating ________. A) customer equity B) relationship marketing campaign C) customer-perceived value D) equitable relationship E) societal marketing campaign Answer C Page Ref 13 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 29) Sally purchased the newly launched Jolie lotion.By attempting to find out if the lotions perc eived performance matches her expectations, Sally was measuring her level of customer ________. A) perceived value B) satisfaction C) equity D) engagement E) lifetime value Answer B Page Ref 14 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 30) Ryan attempts to deliver customer satisfaction every day in his installation business, Audio Expressions. The unwrap to achieving this goal is to match the customer-perceived performance of his product with ________. A) company projectionsB) customer set C) customer expectations D) customer relationship levels E) company expectations Answer C Page Ref 14 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 31) Bill recently bought a BMW M3. Bill had several preconceived notions on the elegance and reliability of the car. After the purchase, he discovered that the car had a lot more attributes than he initially per ceived. Hence, it created an worked up relationship with the car resulting in ________. A) customer delight B) customer satietyC) customer equity D) customer value E) customer engagement Answer A Page Ref 14 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 32) Which of the following terms refers to the customers who make repeat purchases and notify others about their positive experiences with a product or service? A) hyper-satisfied customers B) customer evangelists C) viral marketing D) relationship partners E) social customers Answer B Page Ref 14 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 3) Companies posterior build customer relationships at many levels, depending on the temper of the target market. Hence, a company with few customers and high margins is most likely to seek to develop ________ with key customers. A) full partnerships B) staple fibre relationships C) selective relationships D) categorical partnerships E) community relationships Answer A Page Ref 16 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 34) You are an assistant marketing director for a firm in a market with many low-margin customers.Which of the following types of relationships would be most profitable for you to develop with these customers? A) full partnerships B) basic relationships C) categorical partnerships D) selective relationships E) community relationships Answer B Page Ref 16 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 35) The Niketown running club that organizes twice weekly evening runs for Nike customers is an example of a ________. A) frequency marketing program B) customer-driven marketing event C) club marketing programD) consumer-generated marketing program E) sustainable marketing event Answer C Page Ref 16 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 36) Greater consumer control means that companies must rely more on marketing by ________ rather than marketing by ________. A) interruption inter-group communication B) tenderness intrusion C) socialization breeding D) producing selling E) inspiration competition Answer B Page Ref 18 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 7) Which of the following is an example of consumer-generated marketing? A) Toyotas page on Facebook which provides development about its upcoming cars to its customers B) Nikes Nike Plus electronic network site which helps its customers to customize their shoes C) BMWs use of brand- think videos affix on video-sharing Web sites by its customers D) Neiman Marcuss InCircle Rewards program for its best customers E) the Lexus Covenant aimed at creating customer delight Answer C Page Ref 19 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB An alytic skills Use of information technology Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 8) Ellis, a marketing manager at a regional chain restaurant, has influenced to create a contest calling for customers to create commercials for the restaurant. Winning entries will be posted on the organizations home page. Ellis plan is an example of ________ marketing. A) consumer-generated B) sustainable C) customer club D) differential E) mass Answer A Page Ref 19 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 39) ________ describes a longer channel, stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers.A) The tot up chain B) Direct marketing C) Partnership relationship marketing D) DSS E) CRM Answer A Page Ref 20 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 40) The final step in the marketing process is ________. A) capturing value from customers B) constructing an integrated marketing program C) building profitable relationships with the customers D) understanding the mart E) designing a customer-driven marketing strategy Answer A Page Ref 20 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 1) At Kens boutique, the policy statement posted in the reception states that Without our customers, we dont exist. Ken and his staff aim to delight separately customer and they are quick to offer discounts or extra services whenever a customer is anything less than satisfied. Instead of pore on each individual transaction, Ken and his staff are putting a priority on ________. A) maintaining customer-perceived value B) managing partner relationships C) attracting butterflies D) converting strangers into butterflies E) capturing customer lifetime value Answer E Page Ref 21 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketi ng 42) ________ refers to the piece of ground of the customers purchase that a company gets in its product categories. A) Value proposition B) Share of customer C) tick off equity D) Customer ownership E) Customer equity Answer B Page Ref 21 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 43) ________ is the total combined customer lifetime values of all the companys current and electromotive force customers. A) Share of customer B) Customer payoff C) Customer equity D) Customer cardinality E) Customer perceived value Answer CPage Ref 22 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 44) The ultimate aim of customer relationship management is to produce ________. A) high customer equity B) high current market share C) steady sales volume D) high customer payoff E) profit maximization Answer A Page Ref 22 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 45) C ustomers can be classified into four relationship groups, gibe to their profitability and projected loyalty. Based on this classification, you should avoid ________ and shouldnt spend anything in them.A) barnacles B) strangers C) butterflies D) true believers E) true friends Answer B Page Ref 22-23 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 46) Customers can be classified into four relationship groups, according to their profitability and projected loyalty. According to this classification, a highly profitable, short-term customer is known as a ________. A) true friend B) butterfly C) stranger D) barnacle E) true believer Answer B Page Ref 23 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 7) Customers can be classified into four relationship groups, according to their profitability and projected loyalty. With reference to this classification, a firm should turn true friends into ________, who come back regularly and promulgate others about their good experiences with the company. A) barnacles B) butterflies C) strangers D) true believers E) stars Answer D Page Ref 23 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 48) Carla, a team leader in charge of customer relationship management, is planning strategies for modify the profitability of her firms least rofitable but loyal customers. She is also examining methods for firing customers in this group who cannot be do profitable. To which of the following customer relationship groups do these customers belong? A) butterflies B) true friends C) strangers D) barnacles E) short-term customers Answer D Page Ref 23 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 49) Which of the following has been the most common consumer response to the economic downturn that began in 2008? A) outlay more on luxury items B) discontinuing any spendi ng on luxury itemsC) spending less and choosing products more carefully D) spending more on leisure and travel E) saving more and spending more on food market items Answer C Page Ref 24 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 5 50) Your states department of health has budgeted a significant amount of money for a radio, print, television, and online advertising campaign emphasizing the ill do of smoking. This is an example of a(n) ________ campaign. A) moral principleal B) social marketing C) for-profit D) consumer-generated E) differentiated Answer B Page Ref 28 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 5 AACSB Analytic skillsCourse LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 51) With its marketing strategy chosen, the company constructs an integrated marketing program consisting of a blend of marketing mix elements called the ________, that transforms the marketing strategy into corpo very value for customers. A) three stars B) customer values C) four Ps D) perceived attributes E) five domain s Answer C Page Ref 29 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 5 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 52) Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. Answer line up Page Ref 5 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 1Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 53) The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by brilliant superior value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. Answer square(a) Page Ref 5 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 1 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 54) Wants are the form human needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. Answer square Page Ref 6 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 55) The difference between human needs and wants is that needs are not influenced by marketers.Answer TRUE Page Ref 6 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 56) When back ed by buying power, needs become wants. Answer saturnine Page Ref 6 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 57) Market whirls are limited to physical products. Answer fancied Page Ref 6 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 58) Market offerings can include products, services, information, or experiences offered to a market to retaliate a need or want.Answer TRUE Page Ref 6 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 59) When sellers pay less attention to the specific products they offer and more attention to the benefits and experiences produced by these products, they suffer from marketing myopia. Answer counterfeit Page Ref 7 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 60) If marketers set consumer expectations too low, they may satisfy those who buy but fail to attract enough buyers. Answer TRU E Page Ref 7 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 2 1) The process of dividing the market into segments of customers is known as market penetration. Answer FALSE Page Ref 9 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 62) Marketing managers are interested in serving all customers in every way to delay competitive in todays markets. Answer FALSE Page Ref 9 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 63) A brands value proposition is the set of benefits or values it promises to deliver to consumers to satisfy their needs. Answer TRUE Page Ref 9Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 64) The production concept and product concept are orientations that can lead to marketing myopia. Answer TRUE Page Ref 10 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 65) Nickson Cameras has developed a new design for cameras that their staff believes will offer the most in terms of quality, performance, and innovative features. Nickson Cameras is practicing the production concept here. Answer FALSE Page Ref 10 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 AACSB Analytic skillsCourse LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 66) The selling concept holds that consumers will not buy enough of the firms products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Answer TRUE Page Ref 10 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 67) The study difference between customer-driving marketing and customer-driven marketing is that the customer-driving marketing considers only existing needs. Answer FALSE Page Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 8) The societal marketing concept holds that a companys marketing decisions should consider consumers wants, the companys requirements, consumers long-run interests, and societys long-run interests. Answer TRUE Page Ref 11 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 69) convergence, price, place, and promotion make up the elements of a firms marketing mix. Answer TRUE Page Ref 12 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 70) In its broadest sense, customer relationship management (CRM) is a customer data management activity.Answer FALSE Page Ref 13 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 71) Customer value is defined as the customers evaluation of the perceived difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a marketing offer relative to those of competing offers. Answer TRUE Page Ref 13 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 72) To all consumers, value means sensible products at affordable prices. Answer FALSE Page Ref 13 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Dis cuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 3) Customer-perceived value depends on the products perceived performance relative to a buyers expectations. Answer FALSE Page Ref 14 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 74) In markets with few customers and high margins, sellers should try to develop basic relationships rather than full partnerships. Answer FALSE Page Ref 16 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 75) Club marketing programs reward customers who buy frequently or in large amounts. Answer FALSEPage Ref 16 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 76) Greater consumer control means that companies can no longer rely on marketing by attraction. Answer FALSE Page Ref 18 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 77) Through consumer-generated marketing, consumers themselves are playing a big role in shaping their own brand experiences and those of others. Answer TRUE Page Ref 19 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 8) In addition to being good at customer relationship management, marketers must also work closely with others inside and outside the company to jointly bring more value to customers. Answer TRUE Page Ref 20 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 79) Success at delivering customer value rests on how well their entire supply chain performs against competitors supply chains. Answer TRUE Page Ref 20 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 80) Customer equity is a measure of the past value of the companys customer base.Answer FALSE Page Ref 22 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 81) Customers can be classified into four relationship groups, according to their prof itability and projected loyalty. With reference to this classification, barnacles are potentially profitable but not loyal. Answer FALSE Page Ref 23 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 82) Ever since the Great Recession, marketers are focusing on value-for-the-money, practicality, and durability in their product offerings and marketing pitches.Answer TRUE Page Ref 24 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 5 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 83) Most traditional brick-and-mortar companies have now become click-and-mortar companies. Answer TRUE Page Ref 27 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 5 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 84) In the final step, the company reaps the rewards of its strong customer relationships by capturing value from customers. Answer TRUE Page Ref 30 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 5 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 5) What is marketing? Briefly describe the marketi ng process. Answer We define marketing as the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to get down value from customers in return. The marketing process consists of five steps. In the first four steps (Understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants, Design a customer-driven marketing strategy, Construct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value, and Build profitable relationships and create customer delight), companies work to understand onsumers, create customer value, and build strong customer relationships. In the final step (Capture value from customers to create profits and customer equity), companies reap the rewards of creating superior customer value. By creating value for consumers, they in turn capture value from consumers in the form of sales, profits, and semipermanent customer equity. Page Ref 5-6 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 1 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marke ting 86) Briefly compare and contrast the concepts of needs, wants, and demands, giving an example of each. Discuss how these concepts relate to marketing practices.Answer Human needs are states of felt deprivation. Needs are part of the human make-up they are not created by external forces. Humans have a basic physical need for food, clothing, warmth, and safety a basic social need for belonging and affection and a basic individual need for knowledge and self-expression. contradictory needs, wants are not innate instead, wants are needs shaped by culture, society, and individual personality. For example, an American needs food but wants a Big Mac and a soft drink. An American needs food, wants a Big Mac and soft drink, and demands lunch at McDonalds.Wants become demands when they are backed by consumers buying power. Marketers conduct extensive research to understand customers wants and demands. They and then attempt to fulfill customers wants and demands through their market off erings. Page Ref 6 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 2 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 87) Explain market offerings and marketing myopia. Answer Consumers needs and wants are fulfilled through market offerings just about combination of products, services, information, or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or a want.Market offerings are not limited to physical products. They also include servicesactivities or benefits offered for sale that are fundamentally intangible and do not result in the ownership of anything. Examples include banking, airline, hotel, retailing, and home repair services. more(prenominal) broadly, market offerings also include other entities, such as persons, places, organizations, information, and ideas. Many sellers make the mistake of paying more attention to the specific products they offer than to the benefits and experiences produced by these products. These sellers suffer from marketing myopia.T hey are so interpreted with their products that they focus only on existing wants and lose sight of underlying customer needs. They forget that a product is only a tool to solve a consumer problem. A manufacturer of quarter-inch drill bits may think that the customer needs a drill bit. But what the customer really needs is a quarter-inch hole. These sellers will have trouble if a new product comes along that distributes the customers need better or less expensively. The customer will have the same need but will want the new product. Page Ref 6-7 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 2 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 8) How does a company decide whom it will serve? Answer A company decides whom it will serve by dividing the market into segments of customers (market segmentation) and selecting which segments it will go after (target marketing). Some mint think of marketing management as finding as many customers as possible and increasing demand. But marketing manag ers know that they cannot serve all customers in every way. By trying to serve all customers, they may not serve any customers well. Instead, the company wants to select only customers that it can serve well and profitably.Ultimately, marketing managers must decide which customers they want to target and on the level, timing, and nature of their demand. Page Ref 9 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 89) equivalence and contrast the product and production concepts. Answer The production concept holds that consumers will favor products that are available and highly affordable. Therefore, management should focus on modify production and distribution efficiency. This concept is one of the oldest orientations that guides sellers.The production concept is still a utilitarian philosophy in some situations. For example, both personal computer maker Lenovo and home appliance maker Haier control the highly competitive, price-sensitive Ch inese market through low labor costs, high production efficiency, and mass distribution. However, although useful in some situations, the production concept can lead to marketing myopia. Companies adopting this orientation run a major risk of focusing too narrowly on their own operations and losing sight of the real objective-satisfying customer needs and building customer relationships.The product concept holds that consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features. Under this concept, marketing strategy focuses on making continuous product improvements. Product quality and improvement are important parts of most marketing strategies. However, focusing only on the companys products can also lead to marketing myopia. For example, some manufacturers believe that if they can build a better mousetrap, the world will beat a path to their doors. But they are often rudely shocked.Buyers may be looking for a better solution to a mouse probl em but not necessarily for a better mousetrap. The better solution might be a chemical spray, an exterminating service, a house cat, or something else that suits their needs even better than a mousetrap. Furthermore, a better mousetrap will not sell unless the manufacturer designs, packages, and prices it attractively places it in convenient distribution channels brings it to the attention of people who need it and convinces buyers that it is a better product.Page Ref 10 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 3 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 90) Compare the selling and marketing concepts, listing the key components of each philosophy. Answer The selling concept reflects an inside-out philosophy, while the marketing concept takes an outside-in perspective. The selling concept is typically full when an organization is marketing products or services that buyers do not normally think of purchasing, such as insurance or blood donation.Aggressive selling focuses on creating sales transaction rather than on building long-term relationships with customers, with the aim of selling what the company makes rather than making what the customer wants. The marketing concept, on the other hand, is based upon identifying the needs and wants of target markets and then satisfying those needs and wants better than competitors do. Under the marketing concept, customer focus and value are the paths to sales and profits. Instead of a product-centered make and sell philosophy, the marketing concept is a customer-centered sense and respond philosophy.The job is not to find the right customers for your product but to find the right products for your customers. Page Ref 10-11 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 3 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 91) Briefly explain the societal marketing concept. Give an example of an organization that has effectively used the societal marketing concept. Answer The soc ietal marketing concept questions whether the pure marketing concept overlooks possible conflicts between consumer short-run wants and consumer long-run welfare.Is a firm that satisfies the immediate needs and wants of target markets always doing whats best for its consumers in the long run? The societal marketing concept holds that marketing strategy should deliver value to customers in a way that maintains or improves both the consumers and societys well-being. It calls for sustainable marketing, socially and environmentally responsible marketing that meets the present needs of consumers and businesses while also preserving or enhancing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.Johnson & Johnson is an example of a company that has successfully implemented the societal marketing concept. The organization stresses honesty, integrity, and putting people before profits, an ethic that helped Johnson & Johnson quickly address and recover from the poisonous tampering of Tylen ol capsules in 1982. Page Ref 11-12 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 3 AACSB Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 92) narrow down customer perceived value. Answer Attracting and retaining customers can be a difficult task.Customers often face a bewildering array of products and services from which to choose. A customer buys from the firm that offers the highest customer-perceived value. It is defined as the customers evaluation of the difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a market offering relative to those of competing offers. Importantly, customers often do not judge values and costs accurately or objectively. They act on perceived value. Page Ref 13 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 3) The aim of customer relationship management is to create not just customer satisfaction, but customer delight. Explain. Answer Customer satisfaction cannot be taken for granted. Because brand loyalty is dependent upon strong customer satisfaction, companies strive to retain, satisfy, and even delight current customers. Firms create customer delight by promising only what they can deliver and then delivering more than what they promised. They also create emotional relationships with key customers. Delighted customers make repeated purchases and become customers for life.More importantly, they also essentially become an unpaid sales force for the firm as customer evangelists who tell other potential customers about their positive experiences with the product. Page Ref 14 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 94) Companies can build customer relationships at many levels, depending on the nature of the target market. Explain the different types of relationships with examples. Answer At one extreme, a company with many low-margin customers may seek to develop basic relationships with them.For examp le, Nike does not phone or call on all of its consumers to get to know them personally. Instead, Nike creates relationships through brand-building advertising, public relations, and its numerous Web sites ad apps. At the other extreme, in markets with few customers and high margins, sellers want to create full partnerships with key customers. For example, Nike sales representatives work closely with the Sports Authority, Dicks uninfected Goods, Foot Locker, and other large retailers. In between these two extremes, other levels of customer relationships are appropriate.Beyond offering consistently high value and satisfaction, marketers can use specific marketing tools to develop stronger bonds with customers. For example, many companies offer frequency marketing programs that reward customers who buy frequently or in large amounts. Airlines offer frequent-flyer programs, hotels give room upgrades to their frequent guests, and supermarkets give patronage discounts to very important c ustomers. Other companies sponsor club marketing programs that offer members special benefits and create member communities. Page Ref 16 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 95) Discuss the opportunities and advantages that new communication technologies have created for marketers. Answer Through the cyberspace and related technologies, people can now interact in direct and surprisingly personal ways with large groups of others, from neighbors within a local community to people across the world. With communication technologies such as e-mail, blogs, Web sites, online communities, online social networks, and Twitter, todays marketers incorporate interactive approaches that help build targeted, two-way customer relationships.Marketers can create deeper consumer involvement and a sense of community surrounding a brand, making a brand a purposeful part of consumers conversations and lives. However, while new communication tools creat e relationship-building opportunities for marketers, they also create challenges. They give consumers a greater voice, and therefore greater power and control in the marketplace. Todays consumers have more information about brands than ever before, and they have a wealth of platforms for airing and sharing their brand views with other consumers.This benefits companies when views of its products are positive, but can be damaging when customers share stories of negative experiences with a companys products. Page Ref 18 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Use of information technology Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 96) Compare and contrast between customer-managed relationships and consumer-generated marketing. Answer Todays consumers have more information about brands than ever before, and they have a wealth of platforms for airing and sharing their brand views with other consumers.Thus, the marketing world is now embracing not only custo mer relationship management, but also customer-managed relationships. Greater consumer control means that companies can no longer rely on marketing by intrusion. Instead, marketers must practice marketing by attractioncreating market offerings and messages that involve consumers rather than interrupt them. Hence, most marketers now augment their mass-media marketing efforts with a generous mix of direct marketing approaches that promote brand-consumer interaction. For example, many brands are creating dialogues with consumers via their own or existing online social networks.A growing part of the new customer dialogue is consumer-generated marketing, by which consumers themselves are playing a bigger role in shaping their own brand experiences and those of others. This might happen through uninvited consumer-to-consumer exchanges in blogs, video-sharing sites, and other digital forums. But increasingly, companies are inviting consumers to play a more active role in shaping products and brand messages. Harnessing consumer-generated content can be a time-consuming and costly process. Page Ref 18-19 Difficulty Moderate Chapter LO 4 AACSB Communication abilitiesCourse LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 97) Define customer equity and explain why it is important to a company. Answer Customer equity is the sum of the lifetime values of all of the companys current and potential customers. Customer equity is dependent upon customer loyalty from a firms profitable customers. Because customer equity is a reflection of a companys future, companies must manage it carefully, viewing customers as assets that need to be maximized. Page Ref 22 Difficulty Easy Chapter LO 4 Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 8) Describe and compare the four types of customers classified by their potential profitability to an organization. Identify how an organization should manage each type of customer. Answer The four types of customers are strangers, butterfl ies, true friends, and barnacles. 1. Strangers have low potential profitability and loyalty. A companys offerings do not fit well with a strangers wants and demands. Companies should not invest in building a relationship with this type of customer. 2. Another type of customer in which a company should not invest is the barnacle. Barnacles are highly loyal but not very profitable because there is a limited fit between their needs and the companys offerings. The company might be able to improve barnacles profitability by selling them more, raising their fees, or reducing service to them. However, if they cannot be made profitable, they should be fired. 3. Like strangers, butterflies are not loyal. However, they are potentially profitable because there is a good fit between the companys offerings and their needs. Like real butterflies, this type of customer will come and go without becoming a permanent, loyal consumer of a companys products.Companies should use promotional blitzes to attract these customers, create satisfying and profitable transactions with them, and then cease investing in them until the next time around. 4. The final type of customers is true friends they are both profitable and loyal. There is a strong fit between their needs and the companys offerings, so the company should make continuous relationship investments in an effort to go beyond satisfying and to delight these customers. A company should try to delight true friends so they will tell others about their good experiences with the company.Page Ref 22-23 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 4 AACSB Analytic skills Course LO Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing 99) Explain how the Internet has alter the way in which we do business today. Answer The Internet links individuals and businesses of all types to each other. The Internet allows firms access to exciting new marketspaces. The Internet has spawned an entirely new breed of click only companiesthe dot-coms. The post-Interne t fury of the late 1990s has introduced companies that are both savvy and face promising futures.These companies use a set of new Web technologies to reach customers, including blogs (web logs), cell phones, video games, and social networking sites. Brick-and-mortar companies of the past are now click-and-mortar companies, with online presences aimed at attracting new customers and strengthening bonds with current customers. More than 75% of American Internet users now shop online, making a Web presence a necessity for any organization. Page Ref 26-27 Difficulty Challenging Chapter LO 5 AACSB Use of information technology Course LO Describe the steps involved in development an advertising campaign